Epicureanism and Luxury: A Millennia-Old Link

Luxury, as a socio-cultural phenomenon, has undergone numerous transformations throughout history. Although it is often associated with opulence and excess, its relationship with the Epicurean philosophy offers a more nuanced vision. Although Epicureanism does not directly promote ostentation, its emphasis on the pursuit of happiness through pleasure has left an indelible mark on our modern conception of luxury.

Epicureanism in its context

To unravel the influence of Epicureanism on our conception of luxury, it is necessary to understand the philosophical foundations that underpin this school of thought. Epicurus, a 4th century BC Greek philosopher, established his doctrine around the idea that the most pleasurable life is one free from pain and disturbance.

Epicurus advocated for ataraxia, a state of mental tranquillity and liberation from fears, and aponia, the absence of physical pain, as the ultimate ends of a good life. These ideals, far from encouraging unbridled indulgence, guided towards a life of moderation, where pleasure was found in the satisfaction of basic and natural needs, and in the cultivation of virtuous relationships.

The connection between Epicureanism and Luxury

At first glance, it may seem that Epicureanism and luxury go hand in hand, as both concepts revolve around the idea of enjoyment and pleasure. However, closer observation reveals an important distinction.

Epicureanism does not promote indulgence in luxury as we understand it in the modern world. While contemporary luxury is often associated with the accumulation of material goods and extravagant experiences, Epicurean philosophy focuses on the satisfaction of natural and necessary desires, and the avoidance of pain. Exuberance and waste have no place in Epicurean philosophy, which advocates moderation and self-sufficiency as keys to a happy life.

Influence of Epicureanism on modern understanding of Luxury

Despite the marked differences between Epicureanism and luxury, the Epicurean philosophy has influenced our contemporary conception of luxury in several ways.

Firstly, Epicureanism has instilled the idea that pleasures, whether simple or sophisticated, are essential to life and should be appreciated. This resonates with the modern notion of luxury, which has evolved beyond mere consumption of expensive goods to embrace the quality and enjoyment they can provide.

Secondly, the Epicurean teaching of finding pleasure in simple things has shaped our vision of contemporary luxury. Nowadays, luxury is increasingly valued as the possibility to enjoy simple but profound experiences. Appreciation of a carefully prepared meal, tasting of an exquisite wine, enjoyment of a well-written literary work, or the freedom to take time off and delight in these pleasures, are examples of this trend.

Although Epicureanism and luxury may seem opposite in many respects, the influence of Epicurean philosophy can be traced in our modern understanding of luxury. Far from promoting excess and ostentation, Epicureanism reminds us that true luxury lies in the ability to enjoy and appreciate the good things in life, whether in their simplest or most sophisticated form. The footprint of Epicureanism in our perception of luxury serves as a reminder that, despite its association with excess, luxury can, and perhaps should, be a matter of moderation and conscious enjoyment.