Cosmetorexia: the abuse of cosmetics as a possible illness

Cosmetorexia is an unofficial term used to describe an obsession or excessive concern with cosmetics and aesthetic procedures to alter physical appearance. Although it is not recognized as a specific disorder in diagnostic manuals for mental illnesses, such as the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) or the ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases), this behavior can be related to broader psychological disorders, such as body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) or anxiety related to body image.

Definition and Symptoms

Cosmetorexia is characterized by an excessive concern with physical appearance, leading a person to compulsively use cosmetic products and frequently undergo aesthetic treatments, even when they are not necessary or their safety and efficacy may be in question. Symptoms can include:

• Excessive spending of time and money on cosmetic products and aesthetic treatments.
• Significant anxiety or stress related to physical appearance.
• A constant need to validate appearance with others.
• Avoiding social situations due to insecurity about physical appearance.

Possible Effects

Physical: Excessive use of cosmetics and aesthetic procedures can have adverse effects on physical health, such as allergic reactions, infections, scarring, and in extreme cases, serious complications from improperly performed aesthetic procedures.

Psychological: Cosmetorexia can be associated with low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and eating disorders. The obsession with a “perfect” appearance can lead to a distortion of body image, where the person cannot perceive their appearance realistically.

Social: Individuals with this concern may socially isolate themselves, avoid activities they previously enjoyed, or experience difficulties in their personal relationships due to the obsession with their appearance.

Treatment and Recommendations

The treatment of cosmetorexia involves addressing the underlying symptoms and behaviors, often related to body image disorders and self-esteem. This can include:

• Psychological therapy: Therapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can help change negative thought patterns and improve self-esteem and body image.
• Medication: In some cases, medications may be prescribed to treat underlying anxiety or depression.
• Education and support: Education on the effects and risks of aesthetic procedures, as well as support from groups or group therapy, can be beneficial.

Although cosmetorexia is not a formal clinical diagnosis, it represents a set of behaviors that can have serious repercussions on physical and mental health. Recognizing the signs and seeking professional help is crucial for anyone struggling with these behaviors. Acceptance and self-love are fundamental on the path to recovery, remembering that true beauty lies in the diversity and authenticity of each individual.